Basic technique of Rubble masonry was come from Korea to Japan.
The technique was developed as stone wall in a process of construction of Azuchi Castle in 1500s.
TYPES 1, Boulder masonry (Tamaishi-zumi 玉石積み）Masonry made of natural raw stone from river.
photo from wiki commons
2 (Gobo-zumi 牛蒡積み）Masonry made of natural raw stone which has long-bodied.
photo from wiki commons
3 Coursed masonry (Nuno-zumi 布積み)Masonry made of fabricated same size stones, it has horizontal transverse joint.
4 Uncoursed masonry(Otoshi-zumi 落積み or Tani-zumi 谷積み)At first construct like valley with natural stones, then drop remaining stones to the valley, finally it works as strong hard masonry. It has diagonal joint.
5 (Sangi-zumi 算木積み)masonry's corner set up on the square.
6 (Kikko-zumi 亀甲積み)Masonry made by hexagonal stones.
7 (Ougi-zumi 扇積み)Masonry the figure was made like Ougi(扇) means the figure is spread toward the bottom.8 (Bizen-zumi 備前積み)Masonry using natural raw stones which have various size, it has very few clearance between stones.9 (Warai-zumi 笑い積み)small stones are arranged around large stone.
10 (Ano-zumi 穴太積み or Nodura-zumi 野面積み)Masonry made by non-fabricated stones.
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